Struts are used to build web applications based on servlets and JSP. Struts require the MVC (Model View Controller) framework. Struts is a legitimate web application. Struts are extremely useful in developing Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition (J2EE) applications because they use J2EE design patterns. Struts adhere to these J2EE design patterns, which include MVC. So stay tuned with us to learn What are the Differences Between Struts 1 and Struts 2. If you want to develop your career by learning from a Struts-certified professional, enrol in FITA Academy‘s Struts Training Institutes in Chennai. This course will assist you in achieving excellence in this field. You will learn the following topics here:
What is Struts 1?
Apache Struts 1 s aa free and open-sourceweb application framework used to create Java EE webapplications. It uses and extends the Java Servlet API to encourage developers to use a model-view-controller architecture. Craig McClanahan created and donated it to the Apache Foundation in May 2000.
What is Struts 2?
Apache Struts 2 is a sophisticated, extensible framework for developing enterprise-class Java web applications. This framework is intended to streamline the entire development cycle, from application development to deployment and maintenance. Web Work 2 was the original name for Apache Struts 2.
Comparison of Struts 1 and 2
Action classes
Action classes in Struts 1 must extend an abstract base class. Programming to abstract classes rather than interfaces is a common issue in Struts 1.
An Action interface and other interfaces may be implemented by a Struts 2 Action to enable optional and custom services. Struts 2 includes a base ActionSupport class that can be used to implement commonly used interfaces. The Action interface, however, is not required. A Struts 2 Action object can be any POJO object with an execute signature.
Threading Model
Struts 1 Actions must be thread-safe because there will only be a single instance of a class to manage all requests for that Action. The singleton strategy limits what can be done with Struts 1 Actions and necessitates special care when developing. Action resources that are thread-safe or synchronised are required.
Because Struts 2 Action objects are created for each request, there are no thread-safety concerns.
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Testability
The execute method exposes the Servlet API, which makes testing Struts 1 Action difficult. Struts TestCase, a third-party extension, provides a set of mock objects for Struts 1.
Struts 2 Actions can be tested by implementing the Action, configuring its properties, and calling methods. Support for Dependency Injection also simplifies testing.
Expression Language
Because Struts 1 is integrated with JSTL, it employs the JSTL EL. The EL supports basic object graph traversal but not collections or indexed properties.
Struts 2 supports JSTL and a more powerful and flexible expression language known as “Object Graph Notation Language” (OGNL).
Binding values into views
Struts 1 uses the standard JSP mechanism to bind objects to the page context for access.
Struts 2 employs “ValueStack” technology to allow taglibs to access values without tying your view to the rendered object type.
Type Conversion
Struts 1 ActionForm property are typically all Strings. Struts 1 makes use of Commons-Beanutils for type conversion. Converters are per-class and not per-instance configurable.
Struts 2 makes use of OGNL for type conversion. Convertors for basic and common object types and primitives are included in the framework.
Validation
Manual validation is supported in Struts 1 via a validate method on the ActionForm or an extension to the Commons Validator.
Manual validation is supported in Struts 2 through the XWork Validation framework and the validate method.
Control Of Action Execution
Struts 1 allows for separate Request Processors (lifecycles) for each module, but all modules’ actions must share the same lifecycle.
Struts 2 allows you to create different lifecycles for each Action using Interceptor Stacks. As needed, custom stacks can be created and manipulated with various Actions.
Conclusion
We hope that this blog has cleared up any confusion about the What are the Differences Between Struts 1 and Struts 2. To learn more about Struts, Join Best Struts Training Institute in Chennai. It offers advanced certification training and 100% job placement assistance.
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